Soil Contamination – How Does it Affect the Inhabitants?
Soil Contamination
Soil contamination must be eradicated to ensure that the best produce is grown for consumption. This is very important for organic farmers) first it has to be proved that the land and soil are of good quality.
There are several things making up the soil, the basic organic material in the area that soil is made of, such as granite or limestone. Then there are organisms that decompose like leaves, critter droppings, etc, the location of the land and elevation bottom of the valley or on a mountain slope> Climate is also an important factor.
What happens when plants grow in contaminated soil? What happens when the plants are eaten? It depends on what type of soil, the kind of toxins present and the severity of the soil contamination, as to how much or what enters the plant.
Basically sandy soil is less likely to hold on to chemicals, whereas soil containing more organic matter such as peat moss will hold on to contaminants more readily. This has the effect of altering the metabolic state of the microorganisms soil is comprised of and the contaminates enter the food chain.
can also affect those who touch it, depending on the contaminant, when small animals borrow or humans dig in it, and then if the soil becomes dry the contaminated dust particles can be inhaled. Occasionally some serve contaminants in dust form, are absorbed into the skin.
What causes soil contamination?
Well there’s oil spills, pipe line leaks, toxic spills land that has been used previously for things such as factories, mining, gas stations and airports, all of these have contaminated soil beneath them, the heaps of unnatural stuff in the land fills leaching into the ground, in some countries crops are still sprayed with very toxic pesticides, over use of fertilizers, all these things are causing soil contamination around the world.
When there are natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and tsunamis, facilities that hold toxins, oil and other chemicals become damaged or destroyed, their leaks and spills cause soil contamination.
From Soil Contamination to Land Restoration (Air, Water and Soil Pollution Science and Technology)
by: Claudio Bini
publisher: Nova Science Pub Inc, published: 2010-04
ASIN: 1608768538
EAN: 9781608768530
sales rank: 3630527
price: $49.00 (new), $69.73 (used)
Remediation of contaminated soils is one of the most important environmental issues. Chemical soil degradation affects 12 per cent of all degraded soils in the world, totalling 2 billions hectares. Soil contamination is not only a social and sanitary issue, but has also an economic concern, since it implies major costs related to decreasing productivity and monetary evaluation of the contaminated sites. Costs related to remediation of contaminated soils (particularly with heavy metals) are very high. Many of the organic substances contribute to contaminate ecosystems and are very poisonous to living organisms and to human health. Correspondingly, many metals, when present at high concentration in the environment, are critical or toxic to plants and animals, and may enter the food chain and therefore affect humans. In recent years, the interest of both public authorities and private companies towards innovative methodologies for decontamination and restoration of contaminated sites has been increasing. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that holds great potential in cleaning up contaminants that: are near the surface, are relatively non-leachable, pose little imminent risk to human health or the environment, and cover large surface areas. Moreover, it is cost-effective in comparison to current technologies, and environmental friendly. Most of the available data, until now, has come from microcosm experiments; full scale experiments could help in assessing the feasibility of phytoremediation, and its effective contribution to clean-up contaminated soils. However, phytoremediation is not yet ready for full scale application, despite favourable initial cost projections, which indicate expansion of clean-up market to be likely within the next few years. Future research should address new highly efficient accumulator plants, and related cultivation technologies, and this research must account for the spatial and temporal variability of complex systems that include mixtures of contaminants and organisms.
The Utilization of Bioremediation to Reduce Soil Contamination: Problems and Solutions (NATO Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences)
publisher: Springer, published: 2003-02
ASIN: 1402011423
EAN: 9781402011429
sales rank: 6202641
price: $107.68 (new), $135.49 (used)
Traditional reliance on chemical analysis to understand the direction and extent of treatment in a bioremediation process has been found to be inadequate. Whereas the goal of bioremediation is toxicity reduction, few direct, reliable measures of this process are as yet available. Another area of intense discussion is the assessment of market forces contributing to the acceptability of bioremediation. Finally, another important component is a series of lectures and lively exchanges devoted to practical applications of different bioremediation technologies. The range of subjects covers a wide spectrum, encompassing emerging technologies as well as actual, full-scale operations. Examples discussed include landfarming, biopiling, composting, phytoremediation and mycoremediation. Each technology is explored for its utility and capability to provide desired treatment goals. Advantages and limitations of each technology are discussed. The concept of natural attenuation is also critically evaluated since in some cases where time to remediation is not a significant factor, it may be an alternative to active bioremediation operations.
Soil Contamination: New Research
publisher: Nova Science Pub Inc, published: 2008-10-30
ASIN: 1604561440
EAN: 9781604561449
sales rank: 5172952
price: $122.32 (new), $247.79 (used)
Soil contamination is the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals.The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry and computer modelling skills. This book presents the latest research from around the world.
Soil Contamination Research Trends
publisher: Nova Science Publishers, published: 2008-06
ASIN: 1604563192
EAN: 9781604563191
sales rank: 5679771
price: $62.50 (new), $84.00 (used)
Soil contamination is the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals.This occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry and computer modelling skills. This book presents the latest research from around the world in this field.
Soil and Water Contamination: From Molecular to Catchment Scale
by: Marcel van der Perk
publisher: Taylor & Francis, published: 2011-10-15
ASIN: 0415893437
EAN: 9780415893435
sales rank: 2471915
price: $79.95 (new)
This textbook provides an overview of transport and fate processes of environmental contamination, in such a way that the reader can both understand and predict contaminant patterns in soil, groundwater, and surface water. In contract to most existing texts, soil and water pollution are treated as integrated environmental matter from a geographical/spatial perspective at point, local, regional, and catchment scales. The spatial approach links up with recent developments and trends in environmental legislation and other integrated catchment management initiatives.
The new edition contains some re-written parts, new material on pesticides and pharmaceutical contaminants and an larger amount of exercies, case studies and examples. A lecturere package with worked solutions and exams, will be made available upon adoption.
It consists of four coherent parts: 1. Introduction to soil and water contamination; 2. Source, role, and behavior of substances in soil and water; 3. Transport and fate processes of substances in soil and water; and 4. Patterns of substances in soil and water.
Intended for undergraduate and graduate students in Earth and Environmental Sciences, who understand the fundamentals of chemistry, hydrology and soil science; may also serve as a useful reference for professionals.
SOIL POLLUTION
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